Methods and Procedures Participants    The participants in this study consist of two groups of Spanish 1 students in a suburban public middle school in northeast Ohio.  This school, consisting of 7th and 8th graders,

Empirical Research/Previous Comparative Research While the current body of empirical research on comprehensible-input based instruction such as TPRS is low, it is growing.  Studies have been conducted that show that the use of comprehensible input-based